Heart valve disease affects more than 5 million people in the United States and contributes to approximately 25,000 deaths each year. One of the most common forms, aortic stenosis, affects nearly 5% of adults age 65 and older.
Research also shows disparities in how heart valve disease is diagnosed and treated. African American, Hispanic, and Asian populations are more likely to be underdiagnosed, and women are often diagnosed later than men—sometimes after symptoms have become severe.
That’s why American Heart Month in February is an important time to remind residents of the Barstow area to understand the risks, recognize the symptoms, and take steps to protect heart health.
What Is Heart Valve Disease?
Heart valve disease occurs when one or more of the heart’s valves do not work properly, affecting how blood flows through the heart.
The heart has four chambers and four valves. Each valve opens and closes with every heartbeat, so that blood flows in the correct direction. When a valve doesn’t function properly, the heart must work harder to pump blood, which can lead to health problems over time.
Heart valve disease typically falls into one of the following categories:
- Stenosis: Valve flaps become thick or stiff, narrowing the opening and limiting blood flow.
- Regurgitation: Valve flaps do not close completely, allowing blood to leak backward.
- Prolapse: Valve flaps stretch or bulge and may not close properly, sometimes causing regurgitation.
Why Early Detection Matters
“Sometimes patients mistake symptoms like shortness of breath or fatigue as a normal part of aging,” said Dr. W. Marcus Brann, MD, cardiologist and member of the medical staff at Evanston Regional Hospital. “Maintaining regular appointments with your doctor and knowing the warning signs can help patients live longer, healthier lives.”
Recognizing the Symptoms
Symptoms of heart valve disease may appear suddenly or develop slowly over time. In some cases, people may not notice symptoms—making routine checkups especially important.
Common symptoms include:
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Fatigue, especially during physical activity
- Swelling in the feet, ankles, or legs
- Rapid or unexplained weight gain
- Dizziness or fainting
- Fever
- Irregular heartbeat
How Heart Valve Disease Is Treated
Most cases of heart valve disease can be treated effectively when identified early. Your health care team will help determine the best course of care based on your symptoms and the severity of the condition.
Treatment options may include:
- Medications to manage symptoms such as high blood pressure, abnormal heart rhythms, or blood clots
- Valve repair, when the valve can be fixed
- Valve replacement, using either open-heart surgery or a minimally invasive catheter-based procedure
Regular follow-up visits are an important part of managing heart valve disease and preventing complications.
Reducing the Risk of Complications
In addition to medical care, patients can lower their risk of serious complications by:
- Practicing good oral hygiene, including brushing, flossing, and regular dental checkups
- Getting prompt treatment for infections such as strep throat
- Taking antibiotics as prescribed, especially before certain medical or dental procedures
Rapid weight gain can also be a warning sign that the heart is not functioning properly and should be reported to your health care provider.
Living Heart-Healthy
Heart-healthy lifestyle choices can help delay symptoms and support overall cardiovascular health, such as:
- Choosing nutritious foods and drinks
- Getting regular physical activity
- Avoiding tobacco products
- Managing stress
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Taking care of teeth and gums
As with any heart condition, ongoing care and regular screenings are essential.
When to Seek Emergency Care
Call 911 immediately if you experience signs of a heart attack—even if you’re not sure. It’s always better to get checked right away.
Take the first step toward better heart health this Heart Month by scheduling a visit with Dr. W. Marcus Brann, MD at Uinta Medical Group. For more information about Evanston Regional Hospital and its heart health services, visit evanstonregionalhospital.com.
Dr. W. Marcus Brann, MD is the Cardiologist at Evanston Regional Hospital.
